The Misleading Debate On Stem Cell Research - 853 Words

â€Å"The misleading debate on stem cell research† written by Mona Charen is a cautionary tale of the escalating manner in which life will be dehumanized should society begin to support this research with federal funding. Stem cell research crosses a moral line that society should be reluctant to cross even for the best intentions (Charen). Stem cell research has been picketed by pro-lifers since the first whispers of its use. The results of stem cell research are rarely attacked since we really don’t know the fruits of such research without funding and supporting it. In the United States, stem cell research remains legal, however it is not funded by the government. Germany, Italy, Portugal, Luxembourg, and Austria all have a ban on it, begging the question to be asked â€Å"What do they know that we don’t?† (Charen). Going a step further we are warned that scientists have been frustrated by their inability to ascertain certain results, speculating th ings will go a step further. What is to stop the research from moving forward to allowing an embryo to reach a later stage of development (Charen)? It is easy to shame society into shying from the idea of growing embryos for spare body parts to be dismantled by mad scientists, and yet that is not where the argument currently lies. Instead, scientists use embryos that will be discarded and whom the owner has agreed to their donation to science. It is wrong to take a scientific matter and wrap it in a morality issue. The argumentShow MoreRelatedThe Debate Of Embryonic Stem Cell Research931 Words   |  4 Pages Embryonic stem cell research is the study of stem cells derived from the undifferentiated inner mass cells of a human embryo. For many years now, the ethics of embryonic stem cell research has been argued. A recent advance in this line of research is the ability to clone the embryonic stem cells, which allows for researchers to create a completely compatible embryonic stem cell to the individual’s tissue type. Though this new science may be very beneficial, not everyone can agree on the ethics ofRead MoreA Research Study On Stem Cell Research1644 Words   |  7 PagesStem cell research has covered many parts of research today and is growing progressively and becoming more common in research today. These cells have the potential to grow and develop into any other cell type in the body and form or make up the tissues of the body and organs. There are millions of people today who suffer from birth defects or diseases because of damaged cells or tissue. Stem cells give researchers the ability cure and replace almost all the cells in the body and help grow new tissueRead MoreThe Ethics And Procedures Of Embryonic Stem Cell Research1902 Words   |  8 Pagesnew frontier of human embryo stem cell research. Even the most noble ends do not justify any means.† This quote comes from former president George W. Bush during a radio conference where he discussed his decision to allow federal funds to be used for stem cell research only in cases where the embryos were not harmed. While still in the beginning stage of exploration, stem cell research, and more specifically embryonic stem cell research, has become a topic of great debate. The ethics and proceduresRead MoreThe Different Types Of Stem Cell Research2084 Words   |  9 Pages Stem Cells: An Evolutionary Step in Medical Research by Summer Billings ENGC 1101 77 Freshman Composition Bradley Brothen 20 November 2014 â€Æ' Outline Thesis: The different types of stem cell research are a necessary medical advancement needed in our communities, regardless of its ethical controversies. I. Stem cell research has been around for almost 200 years, but the research done has only skimmed the possibilities that there is with stem cells. a) The discovery of stem cell research andRead More Embryonic Stem Cell Research is Destructive Essay2730 Words   |  11 PagesWill embryonic stem cells prove to be equally disappointing as many hoped for cures in modern history? No one knows. However, a tragic occurrence following one particular fetal tissue transplant for Parkinsons disease, when such was thought to be a cure, should give us pause. Some of the tissue placed in this mans brain may have been from an earlier gestational age than is customary in American clinical trials - that is, it may have been more embryonic than fetal in nature. Within two years afterRead MoreEssay on Stem Cells2760 Words   |  12 Pagesof the most recent advances in stem cell research. 2.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Stem cells should be defined by their ability to renew themselves and diversify into other cell types. 3.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are several readily accessible sources of stem cells. Strict criteria apply to the use of these sources in medical research. 4.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Stem cells have wide potential application in medicine. quot;Adultquot; stem cells have already been used in the worldsRead More Stem Cell Research is an Assault on Life Essay example2623 Words   |  11 Pageshistory of the cloning debate, no Administration of either party funded a research project that relies on destroying live human embryos - until President Bush in 2001 authorized limited funding for such. The Clinton Administrations plans to do so were delayed by public opposition, then halted for good reason by the Bush Administration. The federal government has now decided to partially implement the National Institutes of Healths guidelines for embryonic stem cell research. This has opened the doorRead MoreThe Stem Cell Debate is Not About Medical Benefits Essays2607 Words   |  11 Pagesanalysis, the debate about embryonic stem cell research is not primarily about medical benefits. In his great novel The Brothers Karamazov, Dostoevsky raised the question whether it would be right to build a world without human suffering if it was essential and inevitable to torture to death one tiny creature such as an innocent child to achieve that end. Each of us must answer that ultimate question in the depths of his or her own conscience. The claim that destructive embryo research will achieveRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Or Euthanasia1597 Words   |  7 Pageswith great physical suffering should be allowed to hasten their own deaths. Such groups consider the word suicide a misleading term, since they only support the practice in cases where death would be inevitable, and where the patient and doctor are merely attempting to ensure a more pain-free, peaceful death rather than a painful, drawn-out end. On the legal note of this debate, an important legal decision on assisted suicide was the 1997 Supreme Court case in which a group of Washington doctorsRead MoreAbortion Is An Action That Ends Pregnancy Before The Unborn1773 Words   |  8 PagesAbortion is an action that ends pregnancy before the unborn can survive outside the mother s body. Debate dates to Assyrian culture in the â€Å"fourteenth century BCE† and in early Hebrew law (Kaplan, Tischauser, Chara, 2014). Historical reasons according to Kaplan, Tischauser, Chara for debate are listed as follows: Hippocrates said â€Å"it violated a doctor s responsibility to heal†, Roman law was based on an unborn being part of the woman which makes it her decision, unwanted pregnancies are reason

Literacy Influences Child Development, Social Interaction...

Literacy influences child development, social interaction and the ability to overcome obstacles a positive aspect. If you are reading this, at some point in time someone, somewhere taught you to read. Literacy in small children can be very beneficial to the growth and development of the brain. â€Å"Decades of research prove that when young children are surrounded by literature-rich environments are spoken to and read to frequently, have the skills needed to start school and are appropriately supported in the early grades, they can be successful in school and reach their highest potential, regardless of social or economic challenges† (â€Å"Read to Succeed† 1). When someone says the word literacy or literate our minds generally float towards reading or writing, and yes, literacy encompasses skills such as reading and grammar, but literacy can come in many different forms. Another form of literacy is academic literacy defined as the skills students need to perform well i n a school or classroom setting. These skills include the oral, written, auditory, and visual language proficiencies required to learn effectively in schools. Literacy affects child development. Children have a very time sensitive window of opportunity in which learning comes most easily. This opportunity in a child s life is caused by the overproduction of neurons and â€Å"synapses† (connections in neural cells) of the brain. â€Å"Scientists believe that language is acquired most easily during the first ten years of life.Show MoreRelatedEvaluating Curricular Strategies For Helping Children And Making Them Successful993 Words   |  4 Pagesin the classrooms of young children and learning theory. The learning is a change in the brain when the child is learning and there is social contact with other people. This would lead to emotional signals that lead to symbols, language, abstract thinking, and social skills. If the emotional context of culture is not changing, then t he symbolic thinking will not reach a cognitive milestone in child development. Emotions are the primary contemporary function of the neurons. These are associatedRead MoreAnalyzing Brain Research Influence On Children s Brain Development1371 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyze Brain Research Influence The first years of a child’s life are very important. During this time, the child’s brain functions are developing. A child’s brain development begins at birth through about age eight. There are many factors that assist with the development of the brain such as genetics, nutrition, love, physical activity and the emotional interactions between parent and child. Brain Development The brain mainly consists of three parts: the brain stem, cerebrum, and cerebralRead MoreEarly Cognitive Abilities Of Infants1842 Words   |  8 Pages(Rose, Feldman, Jankowski, 2016). To further development and have health mental health, caregivers and parents need to provide a secure environment where infants can engage in a number of activities. Research show that social interactions between infants and caregivers are critical for a wide range of human activities, including language learning Grossmann (2015). Additionally, socially integration with others is essential for healthy infant development and functioning throughout their lives GrossmannRead MoreThe Effects Of Technology On Developing Child1433 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Technology on the Developing Child Technology has transformed society and has become an important part in daily life in various forms, such as television, cell phones and computers. It has eased numerous tasks and issues in the educational, medical and engineering fields. It has also provided a means of communication to contact people around the world without difficulty. As society evolved and more technologies were developed to support the changes, parents depended more on these technologiesRead MoreWhat Causes Adhd And How That Might Be Compatible With A Medication Intervention?3573 Words   |  15 PagesMIDTERM TAKE-HOME EXAMINATION (11/01/2014) Dr. Bill Rae-Child Psychopathology 1. A. Please describe the cause of ADHD and how that might be compatible with a medication intervention? Among the many theoretical frameworks proposed to explain ADHD symptoms and causes, psychological and neurobiological perspectives are the most commonly evoked to conceptualize the disorder. Proponents of the psychological perspective are divided into two major groups of theories: top-down theories and bottom-up theoriesRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Brain1452 Words   |  6 PagesCC Orellana B3 The purpose of technology is not to confuse the brain but to serve it. A computers are machines that use a binary system to store, memorize, and manipulate information, just quite like the brain. A computer is able to carry out a series of logical operations, but yet so is our brain. The computer has memory that stores data and central processing unit that carries out certain steps, but yet so does the human brain. From the first computer just being used vacuum tubes, to use the siliconRead MoreThe Early Years: The Effects of Nurturance During Childhood on Development1589 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Although experience may affect human brain structure and function throughout the entire life span, evidence†¦..suggests that early experience may be particularly critical† (Rao et al., 2010). During the childhood years, adequate nurturance by parents has a large impact on optimal biological and psychological development. This includes neurological, social, emotional, and cognitive growth. Rao et al. (2010) broadly define nurturance as including à ¢â‚¬Å"warmth, affection, and acceptance† (p. 1145). LikeRead MoreDevelopmental Skills : Childhood And Social Emotional Development Essay1530 Words   |  7 PagesDevelopmental Skills Domain in Early Childhood Social-Emotional Behavior. Social-emotional development includes the child’s experience, expression, and management of emotions and the ability to establish positive and rewarding relationships with others (Cohen and others 2005). It encompasses both intra- and interpersonal processes. The core features of emotional development include the ability to identify and understand one’s own feelings, to accurately read and comprehend emotional states in othersRead MoreRelationship Between Nature And Nurture1397 Words   |  6 Pagesquestion concerns the relationship between nature and nurture: What are the defining factors in a person’s development? I believe the seemingly random course of circumstances that make up my life are a narrative woven together by God to reveal His grace and His glory, and that each stage of development was meticulously crafted to create who I am as a woman in Christ. Lifespan development evaluates the whole person and the interactive forces that act upon them and are acted upon by them (WongRead MoreChildhood Poverty And Its Effects On Children And Families1513 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Educators and caregivers must understand that children come from diverse backgrounds. Children who live in poverty or low-income families face many challenges. When a child is from a low-income family, you must know and understand the obstacles the child and their families may face. There are many ways living in poverty can affect children and families; educationally, physically, and emotionally, cognitively, and socially. There are resources available and beneficial information to encourage

Advertising or Online Reviews Free Answers to Students-Myassignment

Question: What do Consumers Believe More Company Advertising or Online Reviews? Answer: Word of Mouth Still Most Trusted Resource Says Nielsen; Implication For Social commerce- Website Chaney, P., 2012. Word of Mouth Still Most Trusted Resource Says Nielsen; Implications for Social Commerce. [online] digitalintelligencetoday. Available at: https://digitalintelligencetoday.com/word-of-mouth-still-most-trusted-resource-says-nielsen-implications-for-social-commerce/ [Accessed 18 Apr. 2017]. In the particular source, the author is of the opinion that in the present time, customers as compared to previous years have more faith or trust on recommendations given by the friend and other customer opinions as expressed through online sources clearly reflecting the emphasis on online reviews on the part of the customers. On evaluating the source, it can be stated that it is a reliable source as it includes statistics from the Nielsens Global Trust in Advertising report to establish the stated opinion according to which the percentage of trust on recommendations made by friends and acquaintances was 92% and 70% for customer opinions posted online. Marketing in the digital age: A brand new game- Newspaper article Economist. 2015. Marketing in the digital age: A brand new game. [online] Available at: https://www.economist.com/news/business/21662543-people-spend-more-time-social-media-advertisers-are-following-them-brand-new-game [Accessed 16 Apr. 2017]. The article by The Economist puts forward the fact that due to the increasing number of social media users, the aspect of online advertising, which was previously not a mainstream means of advertisement has become, at present an essential means of advertising. The article also puts forward the fact that, globally the number of users of social media is as high as 2 billion. The chosen source is a renowned source of information due to the validity of the information provided on its part. Moreover, in the process of presenting its information, it is presented in such a manner so as to include wide range of readers along with providing with statistical information makes it a reliable source of information. However, the major weakness associated with the source is the absence of information associated with customers reliance on online reviews making it inappropriate for the research. Effectiveness of Social Media Networks as a Strategic Tool for Organizational Marketing Management- Peer Reviewed Article Oyza, I. and Edwin, A., 2015. Effectiveness of Social Media Networks as a Strategic Tool for Organizational Marketing Management. [online] Icommercecentral.com. Available at: https://www.icommercecentral.com/open-access/effectiveness-of-social-media-networks-as-a-strategic-tool-for-organizational-marketing-management.php?aid=66382 [Accessed 19 Apr. 2017]. The article puts forward the fact that with the changing medium of communication and increased use of social media is impacting the business organizations in terms of their buying and selling process. It has been further opined in this article due to increased use of social media, these business organizations are struggling to make their presence felt among the buyers, wherein one of the major advantage of this form of media is it gives the scope of having public communication. However, on the contrary the major challenge is these form of media gives the scope to the users to express themselves freely, which results in influencing other positively or negatively. Thus, on the basis of the review of the article, it can be stated that it is a reliable source of information due to effective and logical research and evidences. Moreover as the article is a peer reviewed journal article, the information provided by it are valid in nature. Survey: 90% of Customers Say Buying Decisions Are Influenced By Online Reviews- Website Gesenhues, A., 2013. Survey: 90% Of Customers Say Buying Decisions Are Influenced By Online Reviews. [online] Marketing Land. Available at: https://marketingland.com/survey-customers-more-frustrated-by-how-long-it-takes-to-resolve-a-customer-service-issue-than-the-resolution-38756 [Accessed 20 Apr. 2017]. The article by the particular website is of the opinion that 90% of the buyers are influenced by online reviews according to the survey conducted by Dimensional Research. Thus on the basis of the information provided by the article of the website, the influence of online reviews on customers can be clearly noticed. The particular article is reliable in nature due to the fact that the information provided on its part is fact based along with the incorporation of the result of Dimensional Research, making the source of information valid in nature. Customers Dont Trust Advertising?- Website Morphy, E., 2015. Whaaaa.... Customers Dont Trust Advertising?. [online] CMSWire.com. Available at: https://www.cmswire.com/digital-marketing/whaaaa-customers-dont-trust-advertising/ [Accessed 20 Apr. 2017]. The author is of the opinion that as compared to the traditional advertising and its impact on the buying decisions of the customers, in the recent times, the buying decisions of the customers are mostly affected by the opinion of family with 81% followed by online reviews 76%. Thus the impact of online reviews is clearly observed with the help of this article. The information provided on the part of the website is presented in a manner which helps a wide range of readers to comprehend it along with presenting it with statistical information. In addition to it, the information present in the article is in alignment making it valid for the research. However, in the process of present the statistical information it did not mention about its source, bringing question to its accuracy is one of its major weaknesses.

Pros and Cons of Fairtrade Essay Example

Pros and Cons of Fairtrade Essay In business area, every product has its life cycle, which shows different stages that a product passes through over time and the sales that can be expected at each stage. In this essay, attentions will be paid on the different consequences of having a major product at the growth stage. After that, I will turn to the pros and cons of our company to sell sugar under the Fair-trade label and then giving my own opinion. According to the product life cycle, it is obviously that once a product comes into the growth stage, consumers identification in term of psychology and value is aroused, and new consumers are absorbed in so that there are repeating purchases, which leads to an increase of sales. If our company has a major product at this stage, the first consequence is that more profits will be gained and a competitive advantage to against others will be given. Secondly, costs may fall because production will increase. The third consequence is that it will also catch our competitors’ attention because of its considerable profits. We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons of Fairtrade specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons of Fairtrade specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons of Fairtrade specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Thus they may launch their own versions which lead to a slowdown of ours. Fourthly, to keep and enhance our sales, price and quality, availability needs to be checked and promotion plan needs to be made so that brand loyalty can be encouraged and its life cycle can be extended. To be specific, in order to make consumes aware of our product, we can advertise on media like TV and newspaper to introduce our product and emphasize its strength. Moreover, sales promotions in retailers are also necessary, so that consumes could be persuaded to buy our product. Fair trade means more profits go to growers rather than middlemen. There are considerable advantages to sell sugar under the Fair trade label. To start with, the Fair trade products have a large potential market, as stated in the scenario, total sales were growing 12% on 08/09 and up from 493million to 800 million in two years. From this, it can be seen that there is an increasing number of consumers who recognize products under the fair trade label and support it. If current trends continue, our products would be a â€Å"cash cow† in sugar market and more profitable. Furthermore, if we sell sugar under the Fairtrade label, it would be a unique selling point to compete with our rivals, which means that we may absorb more consumers by this product; therefore brand loyalty among people would be captured. Finally, as the scenario shows, main retailers in UK like Tesco and Sainsbury’s stock Fairtrade products now. That is to say, Fair trade products are seen as potential products and get recognized from main leaders of retailers in UK. However, the disadvantages of the case also can not be ignored. In the first place, we need to give extra production money which is 2 million to sugar farmers in the first year. It is obviously that since sugar industry is a low added value industry, to recover costs and make profits will take a long term, therefore it would become a risky decision for our company. What is more, due to the high risk and low added valued of sugar under Fair trade label, it might be a niche market, and according to the size of our company, it is too small to bother with. So the result of our efforts on Fair trade product might not be paid back equally, and more seriously, it might even become a â€Å"problem child† in this environment. In conclusion, both pros and cons of launch a product of sugar under Fairtrade label should be taken into consideration. On the one hand, as our company is a 3. 6billion turnover company of producing sugar, we are experienced but also need to follow current trend and seize every opportunities. Products under Fair trade are gradually recognized by an increasing number of people recently and sugar products are not an exception. From this point, these products are potential and to sell them can enhance our brand loyalty to meet the needs of a certain group of customers. On the other hand, since the Fair-trade products still in a growing stage, it might be products with a niche market and it is high risky to do. In addition, if we only sell one product under Fairtrade label but not all of them, we might be asked by customers that whether we are lying and then our brand loyalty would go down, even might be heavily criticized by medias. However, because our company has a big influence on society, we could convert the market from niche to mainstream by launching variety kinds of products and advertising or promotion. To do this, we can both enhance our brand loyalty and decrease the risk.

Western Native America Medicine Essays

Western Native America Medicine Essays Western Native America Medicine Essay Western Native America Medicine Essay In such a situation, I would first create a good rapport between Mr. Wolf, his wife and I. I would start by thanking them for visiting the health care centre and for allowing me to run some tests on Mr. Wolf. I would then advise him that it is a good thing to look after our health as this is the only way that we will be able to live to see tomorrow. As Broome, B. Broome, R., (2007) says, the Native Americans value their traditions very much. It is therefore necessary to act as one of them or rather to respect these values and demonstrate to them that they are important. By doing this, I will be able to prescribe some new medication and at the same time, I will be certain that Mr. Wolf will respect and adhere to the directions that I would give him.After examining him, I would give him the antibiotics that he is supposed to take. I would try to educate him on the importance of these drugs as they would help him to regain his health. I would do this by explaining the consequences of p rostatitis and the effects or damage that it might have if it is not treated. I would not discourage him from taking his herbal medicines that he was prescribed. Instead, I would thank him for visiting the healer or the health counselor or advisor. I would encourage him to continue taking the herbs as they were directed by the healer or the health counselor. In addition, I would also advise him to take the medications that I have administered to him without fail.This way, he will feel that I am supporting him and at the same time I am respecting his culture. According to Cohen (2003), American Indians or the Native Americans value their tradition very much. This means that if at all I will act as if I am not respecting this fact, there are chances that he will not follow my directions and therefore he might not get well at all. Alternatively, there are some herbal medicines that are not likely to do well with the hospital medicine. I would therefore ask him to go home with the medic ine that I had administered to him and make sure he takes them. I would explain to him that there are some herbal medicines that would counteract with the hospital medicines that we are taking. I would advise him to come with the herbal medicine that he is taking so that we can see if they have any content that might react with the antibiotics. This way, we would be able to prevent any further reaction in his body.When they bring the medicine, I would analyze it and assess whether it has any reaction with the antibiotics that I would have given him. If there is a reaction, I would change the antibiotics, alternatively, I would try to advise him that there is a serious reaction that might take place if he took both the medicine that I administered and the herbal medicine at the same time. I would then try to explain to him that the diseases that he is currently having is very serious and therefore he need to give it a first priority. According to Moses, L. Wilson, R, (1985), Native Americans are known to speaking in parables. I would therefore try to formulate a story about a patient who had such a disease and who defied or rather who refused to take the medication that I had given him and chose the herbs. He only stayed for five months before succumbing to the illness. This would be in the aim of convincing Mr. Wolf to give the antibiotics the first priority and stop taking the herbs for some time. I would advise him that he can immediately go back to the herbs onces the antibiotics are over.ReferencesBroome, B. Broome, R. (April 2007). Native Americans: Traditional Healing. Urologic Nursing , 161-163.Cohen, K. (2003). Honoring the Medicine: Essential Guide to Native American Healing . New York : Ballantine Publishers.Moses, L. Wilson, R. (1985). India Lives: Native American Leaders. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.National Institutes of Health. (2007). Factsheet Health Disparities. Retrieved July 15, 2010, from nih.gov/about/researchresultsfort hepublic/HealthDisparities.pdf

Rhinoceros Endangerment essays

Rhinoceros Endangerment essays There are five types of rhinoceros on Earth. They are the Indian, Sumatran, Javan, Black, and White rhinos. All five species of rhinos are very close to extinction. The rhino population made a rapid decrease in the 1970s when half of the worlds rhinos disappeared. There are an estimated 10,500 rhinos left worldwide. Their endangerment was cause by several reasons. The Black Rhinoceros population had decreased 90 percent since 1970. There were approximately 65,000 black rhinos then and there are about 2,500 now. Unlike most large mammals, habitat loss has not been a significant factor in the decline of these rhinos. Rhino horns have always been thought to have great powers. In 5th century BC, a rhino horn was believed capable of rendering some poisons harmless. In other times and places, rhino horns were hung in a room where a woman was giving birth, believing it would ease her labor pains. Asians used rhino horns in traditional medicines for a thousand years without threatening the species power. Most people think that the decline of rhinos is because of poaching. This isnt true. The cause was the soaring price of oil. Young men in the Arab country of Yemen covet rhino horns for elaborately carved dagger handles, symbols of wealth and status in that country. Until the 1970s, few men could afford these prized dagger handles. But Y emen and other Middle Eastern countries are rich in oil, and prices for this Black Gold climbed dramatically in that decade due to a worldwide oil shortage. The result was a seven-fold increase in the per capita income in Yemen, a rise in wealth that made rhino horn dagger handles within the reach of almost everyone. This small country, with a population of 6 million at the time, suddenly became the worlds largest importer of rhino horns. In order to keep the rhinos from going extinct, there are some majo ...

China Manufacturing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

China Manufacturing - Essay Example heir goals and reach a compromise which allows both to achieve their needs but when negotiating with Chinese businessmen the playing field changes entirely. The Chinese businessman is suspicious of other Chinese businessmen especially that of western businessman. To reach the end of a compromise takes much effort and work for the westerners. The goal to perform a successful negotiation is to please the business owner and establish a friendship. The Chinese are living in a Collectivist society set by Communist rule. China has the lowest Individualism ranking when compared to other Asian countries (20 to 24). Chinese do not hold many close ties outside of their immediate family which places an importance to establish a trusting friendship with Chinese businessmen. Whenever a western businessman begins a negotiation, the Chinese businessman will relay the deal to his/her boss. This is also a reflection of the high score in Power Distance ranking. Lower members of a strata, a group, community or organization highly respects the authority. That is why when negotiating with the Chinese , it is assumed that the person would relay all the details to the boss. The boss will make a decision on the negotiation deal. He may require a meeting with the westerner. When in a meeting, it is crucial to know Chinese ethics. Certain areas of concern to the western businessman such as intellectual property is also a problem in China. Apparently, China is used to mass production and would mimic or copy any product at a lower price. Unlike westerners, they do not have much respect for intellectual property. Because of this, many western businessmen get upset when their product has been cloned or copied outright. It is therefore important for an American businessman to secure his own products legally unless he sees a copycat at a lower price. When it comes to manners, there are many things a businessman can do to humiliate a Chinese businessman. A western businessman must never